Faced with member states divided between free market supporters and state aid advocates, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen is under pressure to urgently respond to the US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA).
- Why must the EU respond? -
The United States adopted the IRA last year, lavishing subsidies and tax cuts worth $370 billion for US buyers of electric vehicles -- if they "Buy American" -- and leaving European car manufacturers aghast.
European industry has sounded the alarm over the IRA's impact on the continent, as high energy costs and US subsidies could push companies to leave.
Unlike their American counterparts, European businesses already face massive energy bills, unable to turn to cheap Russian gas after Moscow's invasion of Ukraine.
Gas prices imposed on European manufacturers have tripled compared with the average for the past decade, while gas bills have remained stable in Asia and North America.
The EU has already committed to invest hundreds of billions of euros in green tech including solar panels, batteries and hydrogen.
The bloc, however, risks becoming dependent on Chinese companies that benefit from both massive subsidies and fewer environmental constraints.
"Many companies already relocate partially or totally their production outside Europe," said BusinessEurope, the EU's main business lobby.
Thousands of jobs are at stake in the chemicals, steel and other sectors.
- What are the available options? -
Mandated in December by EU member states to develop a European response, von der Leyen seeks to ease regulatory constraints weighing on green industries.
She has already announced plans for a new law that will make it possible to support strategic European projects, by speeding up and simplifying permits and financing.
Draft proposals by the commission seen by AFP include temporary relief from state aid rules, targeted at priority sectors, as well as support for investments in factories via tax benefits.
But relaxing state aid rules is controversial. It would help the bloc's richest countries, especially France and Germany, since they could pour money into their businesses at the expense of EU competitors.
Germany and France represent respectively 53 and 24 percent of state aid notified to Brussels since March 2022 when the rules were relaxed following the war in Ukraine. Italy came in third, representing seven percent.
In a letter signed by seven countries including Austria, Denmark and Finland, they stressed that the bloc's "competitiveness and better investment environment... cannot be built on permanent or excessive non-targeted subsidies".
Some EU members including France and Italy are calling for new common funds. Von der Leyen promised to work on a new European sovereignty fund paid for by an increase in the bloc's budget.
But such a mechanism will only be possible with the support of Germany and other "frugal" northern EU members, which oppose joint borrowing or any increase to their budgetary contributions.
The EU's single market commissioner, Thierry Breton, has suggested other ways to finance the response including the mobilisation of the 800-billion-euro European recovery plan's remaining funds and loans from the European Investment Bank.
- When will the EU decide? -
EU leaders are expected to decide on von der Leyen's proposals at a summit in Brussels next week.
While there is consensus on the need to act fast, an idea for a sovereignty fund will be pushed back to later this year, according to the draft proposals, as countries including Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden oppose it.
The extent of Wednesday's package beyond easing regulatory pressures and relaxing state aid rules is uncertain.
There are real fears in Europe of a trade war with the United States, while many remain concerned about a response that violates free market principles.
The EU and the United States "have so much more to gain when we work with each other", the commission's three executive vice presidents wrote in the Financial Times on Thursday.
Valdis Dombrovskis, Frans Timmermans and Margrethe Vestager also called for "an open, thriving transatlantic marketplace" and warned of the risk to the single market of a "massive surge" in state subsidies.
Saudi to invest $266 bn in 'cleaner' energy: minister
Riyadh (AFP) Jan 30, 2023 -
Saudi Arabia plans to invest more than $266 billion to produce cleaner electricity and expand its power grid, the kingdom's energy minister said Monday.
Speaking at a forum organised by Saudi oil giant Aramco, Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman said the world's biggest crude exporter was also looking to become a global leader in hydrogen production.
"We are introducing over a trillion riyals ($266 billion) worth of investment by 2030 to address our plans to achieve cleaner forms of electricity within the kingdom as well as expanding and modernising the power transmission and distribution grid," he said.
"On the hydrogen front, we are determined to be the leading exporter as well as availing clean hydrogen for local usages in heavy industries to produce green products," he told the seventh annual IKTVA forum in Dhahran in a speech.
The kingdom would also double down on carbon capture solutions.
"We are no longer going to build any future power generation without carbon capture," the Saudi minister said.
Despite its goal of achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2060, Saudi Arabia remains hugely dependent on crude oil exports that have powered its growth for decades, raising doubts about its potential for an economic makeover any time soon.
Soaring crude prices following Russia's invasion of Ukraine allowed the kingdom to post in 2022 its first budget surplus in nine years, giving it the financial firepower for economic development.
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